Writings of H P Blavatsky
Cardiff
Theosophical Society in Wales
206 Newport Road, Cardiff, Wales, UK. CF24 -1DL
Helena Petrovna
Blavatsky (1831 – 1891)
The Founder of
Modern Theosophy
“My Books”
By
H P Blavatsky
SOME time ago, a Theosophist, Mr. R_____, was travelling by rail with an
American gentleman, who told him how surprised he had been by his visit to our
London Headquarters. He said that he had asked Mdme. Blavatsky what were the
best Theosophical works for him to read, and had declared his intention of
procuring Isis Unveiled, when to his astonishment she replied, "Don't read
it, it is all trash."
Now I did not say "trash" so far as I remember; but what I did
say in substance was: "Leave it alone; Isis will not satisfy you. Of all
the books I have put my name to, this particular one is, in literary
arrangement, the worst and most confused." And I might have added with as
much truth that, carefully analysed from a strictly literary and critical
standpoint, Isis was full of misprints and misquotations; that it contained
useless repetitions, most irritating digressions, and to the casual reader
unfamiliar with the various aspects of metaphysical ideas and symbols, as many
apparent contradictions; that much of the matter in it ought not to be there at
all and also that it had some very gross mistakes due to the many alterations
in proof-reading in general, and word corrections in particular. Finally, that
the work, for reasons that will be now explained, has no system in it; and that
it looks in truth, as remarked by a friend, as if a mass of independent
paragraphs having no connection with each other, had been well shaken up in a
waste-basket, and then taken out at random and--published.
Such is also now my sincere opinion. The full consciousness of this sad
truth dawned upon me when, for the first time after its publication in 1877, I
read the work through from the first to the last page, in India in 1881. And
from that date to the present, I have never ceased to say what I thought of it,
and to give my honest opinion of Isis whenever I had an opportunity for so
doing.
This was done to the great disgust of some, who warned me that I was
spoiling its sale; but as my chief object in writing it was neither personal
fame nor gain, but something far higher, I cared little for such warnings. For
more than ten years this unfortunate "master-piece," this
"monumental work," as some reviews have called it, with its hideous
metamorphoses of one word into another, thereby entirely transforming the
meaning,l with its misprints and wrong quotation-marks, has given me more
anxiety and trouble than anything else during a long life-time which has ever
been more full of thorns than of roses. But in spite of these perhaps too great
admissions, I maintain that Isis Unveiled contains a mass of original and never
hitherto divulged information on occult subjects. That this is so, is proved by
the fact that the work has been fully appreciated by all those who have been
intelligent enough to discern the kernel, and pay little attention to the
shell, to give the preference to the idea and not to the form, regardless of
its minor shortcomings. Prepared to take upon myself--vicariously as I will
show--the sins of all the external, purely literary defects of the work, I
defend the ideas and teachings in it, with no fear of being charged with
conceit, since neither ideas nor teaching are mine, as I have always declared;
and I maintain that both are of the greatest value to mystics and students of
Theosophy. So true is this, that when Isis was first published, some of the
best American papers were lavish in its praise--even to exaggeration, as is
evidenced by the quotations below.2
The first enemies that my work brought to the front were Spiritualists,
whose fundamental theories as to the spirits of the dead communicating in
propriâ personâ I upset. For the last fifteen years--ever since this first
publication--an incessant shower of ugly accusations has been poured upon me.
Every libellous charge, from immorality and the "Russian spy"
theory down to my acting on false pretences, of being a chronic fraud and a
living lie, an habitual drunkard, an emissary of the Pope, paid to break down
Spiritualism, and Satan incarnate. Every slander that can be thought of has
been brought to bear upon my private and public life. The fact that not a
single one of these charges has ever been substantiated; that from the first
day of January to the last of December, year after year, I have lived
surrounded by friends and foes like as in a glass-house,--nothing could stop
these wicked, venomous, and thoroughly unscrupulous tongues. It has been said
at various times by my ever active opponents that
(1) Isis Unveiled was simply a rehash of Eliphas Lévi and a few old
alchemists;
(2) that it was written by me under the dictation of Evil Powers and the
departed spirits of Jesuits (sic); and finally
(3) that my two volumes had been compiled from MSS, (never before heard
of), which Baron de Palm--he of the cremation and double-burial fame--had left
behind him, and which I had found in his trunk!3 On the other hand, friends, as
unwise as they were kind, spread abroad that which was really the truth, a
little too enthusiastically, about the connection of my Eastern Teacher and
other Occultists with the work; and this was seized upon by the enemy and
exaggerated out of all limits of truth. It was said that the whole of Isis had
been dictated to me from cover to cover and verbatim by these invisible Adepts.
And, as the imperfections of my work were only too glaring, the consequence of
all this idle and malicious talk was, that my enemies and critics inferred--as
well they might--that either these invisible inspirers had no existence, and
were part of my "fraud," or that they lacked the cleverness of even
an average good writer.
Now, no one has any right to hold me responsible for what any one may
say, but only for that which I myself state orally, or in public print over my
signature. And what I say and maintain is this: Save the direct quotations and
the many afore specified and mentioned misprints, errors and misquotations, and
the general make-up of Isis Unveiled, for which I am in no way responsible, (a)
every word of information found in this work or in my later writings, comes
from the teachings of our Eastern Masters; and (b) that many a passage in these
works has been written by me under their dictation. In saying this no
supernatural claim is urged, for no miracle is performed by such a dictation.
Any moderately intelligent person, convinced by this time of the many
possibilities of hypnotism (now accepted by science and under full scientific
investigation), and of the phenomena of thought-transference, will easily
concede that if even a hypnotized subject, a mere irresponsible medium, hears
the unexpressed thought of his hypnotizer, who can thus transfer his thought to
him--even to repeating the words read by the hypnotizer mentally from a
book--then my claim has nothing impossible in it. Space and distance do not
exist for thought; and if two persons are in perfect mutual psycho-magnetic
rapport, and of these two, one is a great Adept in Occult Sciences, then
thought-transference and dictation of whole pages, become as easy and as comprehensible
at the distance of ten thousand miles as the transference of two words across a
room.
Hitherto, I have abstained--except on very rare occasions--from
answering any criticism on my works, and have even left direct slanders and
lies unrefuted, because in the case of Isis I found almost every kind of
criticism justifiable, and in that of "slanders and lies," my
contempt for the slanderers was too great to permit me to notice them.
Especially was it the case with regard to the libellous matter emanating from
America. It has all come from one and the same source, well known to all
Theosophists, a person most indefatigable in attacking me personally for the
last twelve years,4 though I have never seen or met the creature. Neither do I
intend to answer him now. But, as Isis is now attacked for at least the tenth
time, the day has come when my perplexed friends and that portion of the public
which may be in sympathy with Theosophy, are entitled to the whole truth--and
nothing but the truth. Not that I seek to excuse myself in anything even before
them or to "explain things." It is nothing of the kind.
What I am determined to do is to give facts, undeniable and not to be
gainsaid, simply by stating the peculiar, well known to many but now almost
forgotten, circumstances, under which I wrote my first English work. I give
them seriatim.
(1) When I came to America in 1873, I had not spoken English--which I
had learned in my childhood colloquially--for over thirty years. I could
understand when I read it, but could hardly speak the language.
(2) I had never been at any college, and what I knew I had taught
myself; I have never pretended to any scholarship in the sense of modern
research; I had then hardly read any scientific European works, knew little of
Western philosophy and sciences. The little which I had studied and learned of
these, disgusted me with its materialism, its limitations, narrow cut-and-dried
spirit of dogmatism, and its air of superiority over the philosophies and
sciences of antiquity.
(3) Until 1874 I had never written one word in English, nor had I
published any work in any language. Therefore--
(4) I had not the least idea of literary rules. The art of writing
books, of preparing them for print and publication, reading and correcting
proofs, were so many close[d] secrets to me.
(5) When I started to write that which developed later into Isis
Unveiled, I had no more idea than the man in the moon what would come of it. I
had no plan; did not know whether it would be an essay, a pamphlet, a book, or
an article. I knew that I had to write it, that was all. I began the work
before I knew Colonel Olcott well, and some months before the formation of the
Theosophical Society.
Thus, the conditions for becoming the author of an English theosophical
and scientific work were hopeful, as everyone will see. Nevertheless, I had
written enough to fill four such volumes as Isis, before I submitted my work to
Colonel Olcott. Of course he said that everything save the pages dictated--had
to be rewritten. Then we started on our literary labours and worked together
every evening. Some pages the English of which he had corrected, I copied:
others which would yield to no mortal correction, he used to read aloud from my
pages, Englishing them verbally as he went on, dictating to me from my almost
undecipherable MSS. It is to him that I am indebted for the English in Isis. It
is he again who suggested that the work should be divided into chapters, and
the first volume devoted to SCIENCE and the second to THEOLOGY. To do this, the
matter had to be re-shifted, and many of the chapters also; repetitions had to
be erased, and the literary connection of subjects attended to. When the
work was ready, we submitted it to Professor Alexander Wilder, the well-known
scholar and Platonist of New York, who after reading the matter, recommended it
to Mr. Bouton for publication. Next to Colonel Olcott, it is Professor Wilder
who did the most for me. It is he who made the excellent Index, who corrected
the Greek, Latin and Hebrew words, suggested quotations and wrote the greater
part of the Introduction "Before the Veil." If this was not
acknowledged in the work, the
fault is not mine, but because it was Dr. Wilder's express wish that his
name should not appear except in footnotes. I have never made a secret of it,
and every one of my numerous acquaintances in New York knew it. When ready the
work went to press.
From that moment the real difficulty began. I had no idea of correcting
galley proofs; Colonel Olcott had little leisure to do so; and the result was
that I made a mess of it from the beginning. Before we were through with the
first three chapters, there was a bill for six hundred dollars for corrections
and alterations, and I had to give up the proof-reading. Pressed by the
publisher,
Colonel Olcott doing all that he possibly could do, but having no time
except in the evenings, and Dr. Wilder far away at Jersey City, the result was
that the proofs and pages of Isis passed through a number of willing but not
very careful hands, and were finally left to the tender mercies of the
publisher's proof-reader. Can one wonder after this if "Vaivaswata"
(Manu) became transformed in the published volumes into "Viswamitra,"
that thirty-six pages of
the Index were irretrievably lost, and quotation-marks placed where none
were needed (as in some of my own sentences!), and left out entirely in many a
passage cited from various authors?
If asked why these fatal mistakes have not been corrected in a
subsequent edition, my answer is simple: the plates were stereotyped; and
notwithstanding all my desire to do so, I could not put it into practice, as
the plates were the property of the publisher; I had no money to pay for the
expenses, and finally the firm was quite satisfied to let things be as they
are, since, notwithstanding all its glaring defects, the work--which has now
reached its seventh or eighth edition, is still in demand. And now--and perhaps
in consequence of all this--comes a new accusation: I am charged with wholesale
plagiarism in the Introductory Chapter "Before the Veil"!
Well, had I committed plagiarism, I should not feel the slightest
hesitation in admitting the "borrowing." But all "parallel
passages" to the contrary, as I have not done so, I do not see why I
should confess it; even though "thought transference" as the Pall
Mall Gazette wittily calls it, is in fashion, and at a premium just now. Since
the day when the American press raised a howl against Longfellow, who,
borrowing from some (then) unknown German translation of the
Finnish epic, the Kalevala, published it as his own superb poem,
Hiawatha, and forgot to acknowledge the source of his inspiration, the
Continental press has repeatedly brought out other like accusations. The
present year is especially fruitful in such "thought transferences."
Here we have the Lord Mayor of the City of London, repeating word for word an
old forgotten sermon by Mr. Spurgeon and swearing he had never read or heard of
it. The Rev. Robert Bradlaugh writes
a book, and forthwith the Pall Mall Gazette denounces it as a verbal
copy from somebody else's work. Mr. Harry de Windt, the Oriental traveller, and
a F.R.G.S. to boot, finds several pages out of his just published A Ride to
India, across Persia and Beluchistan, in the London Academy paralleled with
extracts from The Country of Belochistan, by A. W. Hughes, which are identical
verbatim et literatim. Mrs. Parr denies in the British Weekly that her novel
Sally was borrowed consciously or unconsciously from Miss Wilkins' Sally, and
states that she had never read the said story, nor even heard the author's
name, and so on.
Finally, every one who has read La Vie de Jésus, by Renan, will find
that he has plagiarised by anticipation, some descriptive passages rendered in
flowing verse in the Light of the World. Yet even Sir Edwin Arnold, whose
versatile and recognised genius needs no borrowed imagery, has failed to thank
the French Academician for his pictures of Mount Tabor and Galilee in prose,
which he has so elegantly versified in his last poem. Indeed, at this stage of
our civilisation and fin de siècle, one should feel highly honoured to be
placed in such good and numerous company, even as a--plagiarist. But I cannot
claim such a privilege and, simply for the reason already told that out of the
whole Introductory chapter "Before the Veil," I can claim as my own
only certain
passages in the Glossary appended to it, the Platonic portion of it,
that which is now denounced as "a bare-faced plagiarism" having been
written by Professor A. Wilder.
That gentleman is still living in or near New York, and can be asked
whether my statement is true or not. He is too honourable, too great a scholar,
to deny or fear anything. He insisted upon a kind of Glossary, explaining the
Greek and Sanskrit names and words with which the work abounds, being appended
to an Introduction, and furnished a few himself. I begged him to give me a
short summary of the Platonic philosophers, which he kindly did. Thus from p.
11 down
to 22 the text is his, save a few intercalated passages which break the
Platonic narrative, to show the identity of ideas in the Hindu Scriptures. Now
who of those who know Dr. A. Wilder personally, or by name, who are aware of
the great scholarship of that eminent Platonist, the editor of so many learned
works,5 would be insane enough to accuse him of "plagiarising" from
any author's work! I give in the footnote the names of a few of the Platonic and
other works he has edited. The charge would be simply preposterous!
The fact is that Dr. Wilder must have either forgotten to place quotes
before and after the passages copied by him from various authors in his
Summary; or else, owing to his very difficult handwriting, he has failed to
mark them with sufficient clearness. It is impossible, after the lapse of
almost fifteen years, to remember or verify the facts. To this day I had
imagined that this disquisition on Platonists was his, and never gave a further
thought to it. But now enemies have ferretted out unquoted passages and
proclaim louder than ever "the author of Isis Unveiled," to be a
plagiarist and a fraud. Very likely more may be found, as that work is an
inexhaustible mine of misquotations, errors and blunders, to which it is
impossible for me to plead "guilty" in the ordinary sense. Let then
the slanderers go on, only to find in another fifteen years as they have found
in the preceding period, that whatever they do, they cannot ruin Theosophy, nor
even hurt me. I have no author's vanity; and years of unjust persecution and
abuse have made me entirely callous to what the public may think
of me--personally.
But in view of the facts as given above; and considering that--
(a) The language in Isis is not mine; but (with the exception of that
portion of the work which, as I claim, was dictated), may be called only a sort
of translation of my facts and ideas into English;
b) It was not written for the public,--the latter having always been
only a secondary consideration with me--but for the use of Theosophists and
members of the Theosophical Society to which Isis is dedicated;
c) Though I have since learned sufficient English to have been enabled
to edit two magazines--the Theosophist and LUCIFER--yet, to the present hour I
never write an article, an editorial or even a simple paragraph, without
submitting its English to close scrutiny and correction.
Considering all this and much more, I ask now every impartial and honest
man and woman whether it is just or even fair to criticize my works--Isis,
above all others--as one would the writings of a born American or English
author! What I claim in them as my own is only the fruit of my learning and
studies in a department, hitherto left uninvestigated by Science, and almost
unknown to the European world. I am perfectly willing to leave the honour of
the English grammar in them, the glory of the quotations from scientific works
brought occasionally to me to be used as passages for comparison with, or
refutation by, the old Science, and finally the general make-up of the volumes,
to every one of those who have helped me. Even for the Secret Doctrine there
are about half-a-dozen Theosophists who have been busy in editing it, who have
helped me to arrange the matter, correct the imperfect English, and prepare it
for print.
But that which none of them will ever claim from first to last, is the
fundamental doctrine, the philosophical conclusions and teachings. Nothing of
that have I invented, but simply given it out as I have been taught; or as
quoted by me in the Secret Doctrine (Vol. I, p. 46 [xlvi]) from Montaigne:
"I have here made only a nosegay of culled (Eastern) flowers, and have
brought
nothing of my own but the string that ties them." Is any one of my
helpers prepared to say that I have not paid the full price for the string?
April 27, 1891
H.P. BLAVATSKY
Lucifer, May, 1891
1 Witness the word "planet" for "cycle" as
originally written, corrected by some unknown hand, (Vol. I., p. 347, 2nd par.),
a "correction" which shows Buddha teaching that there is no rebirth
on this planet (!!) when the contrary is asserted on p. 346, and the Lord
Buddha is said to teach how to "avoid" reincarnation; the use of the
word "planet," for plane, of "Monas" for Manas;
and the sense of whole ideas sacrificed to the grammatical form, and
changed by the substitution of wrong words and erroneous punctuation, etc.,
etc., etc.
2 Isis Unveiled; a master key to the mysteries of ancient and modern
science and theology. By H.P. Blavatsky, Corresponding Secretary of the
Theosophical Society. 2 vols., royal 8vo., about 1,500 pages, cloth, $7.50.
Fifth Edition. "This monumental work . . . about everything relating to
magic, mystery, witchcraft, religion, spiritualism, which would be valuable in
an
encyclopædia."--North American Review.
"It must be acknowledged that she is a remarkable woman, who has
read more, seen more. and thought more than most wise men. Her work abounds in
quotations from a dozen different languages, not for the purpose of a vain
display of erudition, but to substantiate her peculiar views . . . her pages
are garnished with foot-notes establishing, as her authorities, some of the
profoundest writers of the past. To a large class of readers, this remarkable
work will prove of
absorbing interest . . . demands the earnest attention of thinkers, and
merits an analytic reading."--Boston Evening Transcript.
"The appearance of erudition is stupendous. Reference to and
quotations from the most unknown and obscure writers in all languages abound,
interspersed with allusions to writers of the highest repute, which have
evidently been more than skimmed through."--N.Y. Independent. "An
extremely readable and exhaustive essay upon the paramount importance of
reestablishing the Hermetic Philosophy in a world which blindly believes that
it
has outgrown it."--N.Y. World.
"Most remarkable book of the season."--Com. Advertiser.
"[To] Readers who have never made themselves acquainted with the
literature of mysticism and alchemy, the volume will furnish the materials for
an interesting study--a mine of curious information."--Evening Post.
"They give evidence of much and multifarious research on the part
of the author, and contain a vast number of interesting stories. Persons fond
of the marvellous will find in them an abundance of entertainment."--New
York Sun. "A marvellous book both in matter and manner of treatment. Some
idea may be formed of the rarity and extent of its contents when the index
alone
comprises fifty pages, and we venture nothing in saying that such an
index of subjects was
never before compiled by any human being. . . But the book is a curious
one and will no doubt find its way into libraries because of the unique subject
matter it contains . . . will certainly prove attractive to all who are
interested in the history, theology, and the mysteries of the ancient
world."--Daily Graphic.
"The present work is the fruit of her remarkable course of
education, and amply confirms her claims to the character of an adept in secret
science, and even to the rank of a hierophant in the exposition of its mystic
lore."--New York Tribune.
"One who reads the book carefully through, ought to know everything
of the marvellous and mystical, except perhaps, the passwords. Isis will
supplement the Anacalypsis. Whoever loves to read Godfrey Higgins will be
delighted with Mme. Blavatsky. There is a great resemblance between their
works. Both have tried hard to tell everything apocryphal and apocalyptic. It
is easy to forecast the reception of this book. With its striking
peculiarities, its audacity, its
versatility, and the prodigious variety of subjects which it notices and
handles, it is one of the remarkable productions of the century."--New
York Herald.
3 This Austrian nobleman, who was in complete destitution at New York,
and to whom Colonel Olcott had given shelter and food, nursing him during the
last weeks of his life--left nothing in MS. behind him but bills. The only effect
of the baron was an old valise, in which his "executors" found a
battered bronze Cupid, a few foreign Orders (imitations in pinchbeck and paste,
as the gold and diamonds had been sold); and a few shirts of Colonel Olcott's,
which the
ex-diplomat had annexed without permission.
4 I will not name him. There are names which carry a moral stench about
them, unfit for any decent journal or publication. His words and deeds emanate
from the cloaca maxima of the Universe of matter and have to return to it,
without touching me.
5 A. Wilder, M.D., the editor of Serpent and Siva Worship, by Hyde
Clarke and C. Staniland Wake; of Ancient Art and Mythology, by Richard Payne
Knight, to which the editor has appended an Introduction, Notes translated into
English and a new and complete Index; of Ancient Symbol Worship, by Hodder M.
Westropp and C. Staniland Wake, with an Introduction, additional Notes and
Appendix by the editor; and finally, of The Eleusinian and Bacchic Mysteries;
"A Dissertation, by Thomas Taylor, translator of 'Plato,' 'Plotinus,'
'Porphyry,' 'Jamblichus,' 'Proclus,' 'Aristotle,' etc., etc., etc.,"
edited with Introduction, Notes,
Emendations, and Glossary, by Alexander Wilder, M.D.; and the author of
various learned works, pamphlets and articles for which we have no space here.
Also the editor of the "Older Academy," a quarterly journal of New
York, and the translator of the Mysteries, by Jamblichus.
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Preface
Theosophy and the Masters General Principles
The Earth Chain Body and Astral Body Kama – Desire
Manas Of Reincarnation Reincarnation Continued
Karma Kama Loka
Devachan
Cycles
Arguments Supporting Reincarnation
Differentiation Of Species Missing Links
Psychic Laws, Forces, and Phenomena
Psychic Phenomena and Spiritualism
Quick Explanations with Links to More Detailed Info
What is Theosophy ? Theosophy Defined (More Detail)
Three Fundamental Propositions Key Concepts of Theosophy
Cosmogenesis Anthropogenesis Root Races
Ascended Masters After Death States
The Seven Principles of Man Karma
Reincarnation Helena Petrovna Blavatsky
Colonel Henry Steel Olcott William Quan Judge
The Start of the Theosophical
Society
History of the Theosophical
Society
Theosophical Society Presidents
History of the Theosophical
Society in Wales
The Three Objectives of the
Theosophical Society
Explanation of the Theosophical
Society Emblem
The Theosophical Order of
Service (TOS)
Glossaries of Theosophical Terms
Index of Searchable
Full Text Versions of
Definitive
Theosophical Works
H P Blavatsky’s Secret Doctrine
Isis Unveiled by H P Blavatsky
H P Blavatsky’s Esoteric Glossary
Mahatma Letters to A P Sinnett 1 - 25
A Modern Revival of Ancient Wisdom
(Selection of Articles by H P Blavatsky)
The Secret Doctrine – Volume 3
A compilation of H P Blavatsky’s
writings published after her death
Esoteric Christianity or the Lesser Mysteries
The Early Teachings of The Masters
A Collection of Fugitive Fragments
Fundamentals of the Esoteric Philosophy
Mystical,
Philosophical, Theosophical, Historical
and Scientific
Essays Selected from "The Theosophist"
Edited by George Robert Stow Mead
From Talks on the Path of Occultism - Vol. II
In the Twilight”
Series of Articles
The In the Twilight”
series appeared during
1898 in The
Theosophical Review and
from 1909-1913 in The Theosophist.
compiled from
information supplied by
her relatives and friends and edited by A P Sinnett
Letters and
Talks on Theosophy and the Theosophical Life
Obras Teosoficas En Espanol
Theosophische Schriften Auf Deutsch
An Outstanding
Introduction to Theosophy
By a student of
Katherine Tingley
Elementary Theosophy Who is the Man? Body and Soul
Body, Soul and Spirit Reincarnation Karma
Guide to the
Theosophy Wales King Arthur Pages
Arthur draws the Sword from the Stone
The Knights of The Round Table
The Roman Amphitheatre at Caerleon,
Eamont Bridge, Nr Penrith, Cumbria, England.
(History of the Kings of Britain)
The reliabilty of this work has long been a subject of
debate but it is the first definitive account of Arthur’s
Reign
and one which puts Arthur in a historcal context.
and his version’s political agenda
According to Geoffrey of Monmouth
The first written mention of Arthur as a heroic figure
The British leader who fought twelve battles
King Arthur’s ninth victory at
The Battle of the City of the Legion
King Arthur ambushes an advancing Saxon
army then defeats them at Liddington Castle,
Badbury, Near Swindon, Wiltshire, England.
King Arthur’s twelfth and last victory against the Saxons
Traditionally Arthur’s last battle in which he was
mortally wounded although his side went on to win
No contemporary writings or accounts of his life
but he is placed 50 to 100 years after the accepted
King Arthur period. He refers to Arthur in his inspiring
poems but the earliest written record of these dates
from over three hundred years after Taliesin’s death.
Mallerstang Valley, Nr Kirkby Stephen,
A 12th Century Norman ruin on the site of what is
reputed to have been a stronghold of Uther Pendragon
From
wise child with no earthly father to
Megastar
of Arthurian Legend
History of the Kings of Britain
Drawn from the Stone or received from the Lady of the Lake.
Sir Thomas Malory’s Le Morte d’Arthur has both versions
with both swords called Excalibur. Other versions
5th & 6th Century Timeline of Britain
From the departure of the Romans from
Britain to the establishment of sizeable
Anglo-Saxon Kingdoms
Glossary of
Arthur’s uncle:- The puppet ruler of the Britons
controlled and eventually killed by Vortigern
Amesbury, Wiltshire, England. Circa 450CE
An alleged massacre of Celtic Nobility by the Saxons
History of the Kings of Britain
Athrwys / Arthrwys
King of Ergyng
Circa 618 - 655 CE
Latin: Artorius; English: Arthur
A warrior King born in Gwent and associated with
Caerleon, a possible Camelot. Although over 100 years
later that the accepted Arthur period, the exploits of
Athrwys may have contributed to the King Arthur Legend.
He became King of Ergyng, a kingdom between
Gwent and Brycheiniog (Brecon)
Angles under Ida seized the Celtic Kingdom of
Bernaccia in North East England in 547 CE forcing
Although much later than the accepted King Arthur
period, the events of Morgan Bulc’s 50 year campaign
to regain his kingdom may have contributed to
Old Welsh: Guorthigirn;
Anglo-Saxon: Wyrtgeorn;
Breton: Gurthiern; Modern Welsh; Gwrtheyrn;
*********************************
An earlier ruler than King Arthur and not a heroic figure.
He is credited with policies that weakened Celtic Britain
to a point from which it never recovered.
Although there are no contemporary accounts of
his rule, there is more written evidence for his
existence than of King Arthur.
How Sir Lancelot slew two giants,
From Sir Thomas Malory’s Le Morte d’Arthur
How Sir Lancelot rode disguised
in Sir Kay's harness, and how he
From Sir Thomas Malory’s Le Morte d’Arthur
How Sir Lancelot jousted against
four knights of the Round Table,
From Sir Thomas Malory’s Le Morte d’Arthur
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